We present a model-based approach to estimate the vertical profile of horizontal wind velocity components using motion perturbations of a multirotor unmanned aircraft system (UAS) in both hovering and steady ascending flight.

The state estimation framework employed for wind estimation was adapted to a set of closed-loop rigid body models identified for an off-the-shelf quadrotor.

The quadrotor models used for wind estimation were characterized for hovering and steady ascending flight conditions ranging between 0 and 2 m/s. The closed-loop models were obtained using system identification algorithms to determine model structures and estimate model parameters.

The wind measurement method was validated experimentally above the Virginia Tech Kentland Experimental Aircraft Systems Laboratory by comparing quadrotor and independent sensor measurements from a sonic anemometer and two SoDAR instruments.

mPEG-GA,40K
33-MF001012-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 211.00 EUR 531.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-SA,40K
33-MF001013-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 211.00 EUR 531.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-GAA,40K
33-MF001014-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 211.00 EUR 531.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-Hydrazide,40K
33-MF001019-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 198.00 EUR 494.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-Epoxide,40K
33-MF001021-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 211.00 EUR 494.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-MAL,40K
33-MF001022-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 235.00 EUR 605.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-SG,40K
33-MF001027-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 211.00 EUR 544.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-SS,40K
33-MF001028-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 211.00 EUR 544.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-GAS,40K
33-MF001029-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 235.00 EUR 605.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-SAS,40K
33-MF001030-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 272.00 EUR 728.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-NPC,40K
33-MF001034-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 186.00 EUR 457.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-OPSS,40K
33-MF001035-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 297.00 EUR 790.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-Biotin,40K
33-MF001041-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 297.00 EUR 790.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-DSPE,40K
33-MF001096-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 248.00 EUR 642.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

mPEG-AA,40K
33-MF001121-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 235.00 EUR 605.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

4-ArmPEG-Acid,40K
33-A44017-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

4-ArmPEG-SG,40K
33-A44027-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 149.00 EUR 346.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

4-ArmPEG-SS,40K
33-A44028-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 149.00 EUR 346.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-OH,40K
33-A88002-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-SH,40K
33-A88003-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-Azide,40K
33-A88006-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-AlKyne,40K
33-A88007-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-Acrylate,40K
33-A88009-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-Acrylamide,40K
33-A88010-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-GA,40K
33-A88012-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-SA,40K
33-A88013-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-GAA,40K
33-A88014-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-SAA,40K
33-A88015-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-Acid,40K
33-A88017-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-Epoxide,40K
33-A88021-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-MAL,40K
33-A88022-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 198.00 EUR 494.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-SCM,40K
33-A88024-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 198.00 EUR 494.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-SG,40K
33-A88027-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-SS,40K
33-A88028-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-GAS,40K
33-A88029-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-SAS,40K
33-A88030-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

8-ArmPEG-NPC,40K
33-A88034-40K	Biochempeg	EUR 174.00 EUR 420.00	1g 5g
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

Methoxy PEG Maleimide lbranched (MW: 40,000)
PEG-40K	Alpha Diagnostics	100 mg	EUR 225

mPEG-BSA (Molecular Weight: 40,000-linear)
PEG-BSA-40K	Alpha Diagnostics	100 ug	EUR 286

Comparison results demonstrated quadrotor wind estimation in close agreement with the independent wind velocity measurements. However, horizontal wind velocity profiles were difficult to validate using time-synchronized SoDAR measurements.

Analysis of the noise intensity and signal-to-noise ratio of the SoDARs proved that close-proximity quadrotor operations can corrupt wind measurement from SoDARs, which has not previously been reported.